Jews in Weimar Germany by Donald L. Niewyk

Author:Donald L. Niewyk [Niewyk, Donald L.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: History, Europe, General, Social Science, Regional Studies
ISBN: 9781351303620
Google: YiNHDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2018-01-16T03:43:40+00:00

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1 Schorsch, Jewish Reactions to German Anti-Semitism, 1-12; Tal, Christians and Jews in Germany, 81-120.

2 Walther Rathenau, “Höre, Israel!” in Impressionen (Leipzig, 1902), 3-20. It first appeared in 1897 as an essay by “W. Hartenau” in Maximilian Harden’s Die Zukunft.

3 Berglar, Walther Rathenau, 304-307.

4 Constantin Brunner, Der Judenhass und die Juden (Berlin, 1918), 289-344. Written on the eve of World War I, its publication was delayed by the outbreak of hostilities. See also Constantin Brunner, Höre Israel und Höre Nicht-Israel (Berlin, 1931), 3-38; Constantin Brunner, Von der Pflichten der Juden und von den Pflichten des Staates (Berlin, 1930), 19-62, 159-68. Cf. Frederick Ritter, “Constantin Brunner und seine Stellung zur Judenfrage,” Bulletin des Leo Baeck Instituts, XIV (1975), 40-79.

5Willy Hellpach, Politische Prognose für Deutschland (Berlin, 1928), 373; Willy Hellpach, “Rasse im deutschen Volkstum,” Mitteilungen aus dem Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus, XXXVII (1927), 50-54.

6 For example, Emst Löwenberg, a Jewish teacher in Hamburg, recalled that the members of the republican political club to which he belonged saw no way out of the Jewish question short of the amalgamation of the Jews into the larger society. Ernst Löwenberg, “Mein Leben in Deutschland vor und nach dem 30. Januar 1933” (Typescript in Leo Baeck Institute Archives, New York), 8.

7 Theilhaber, Der Untergang der deutschen Juden, 117-18.

8 Ruppin, Soziologie der Juden, I, 213, 224-25; Behr, Der Bevölkerungsrückgang der deutschen Juden, III; R. E. May, “Die Entwicklung der jüdischen Mischehen und ihre Wirkung auf die jüdische Gemeinschaft,” Gemeindeblatt der Deutsch-Israelitischen Gemeinde zu Hamburg, VIII (1932), 1-3. However, as a leader of the League of Jewish Women noted, official figures reflected marriages between Jews and non-Jews in a religious sense only and did not take into consideration the fact that some of them involved baptized Jews whose marriages to religious Jews brought them back to Judaism. Dora Edinger, “Zur Frage der Mischehen,” Gemeindeblatt der Israelitischen Gemeinde Frankfurt a. Main, III (1925), 3.

9 The Nazi census of Jews in Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland, made on May 17, 1939, found that 84,674 of the 330,539 “racial Jews” were “cross-breeds” having only one or two Jewish grandparents. Whereas 91.5 percent of the “full-blooded Jews” identified themselves as adherents of Judaism, only 6.6 percent of the “cross-breeds” did so. Bruno Blau, “The Jewish Population of Germany 1939-1945,” Jewish Social Studies, XII (1950), 161-72.

10 Löwenfeld, “Memoiren,” 563-68; Hermann Sinsheimer, “Paul Nikolaus Cossmann,” in Lamm (ed.), Von Juden in München, 295-97.

11 Two cases involving lesser figures that have come to light were those of Kurt Soiling, a Berlin judge and Nazi sympathizer, and Karl Kindermann, a right-wing German student arrested and executed in Russia for plotting to assassinate Trotsky. Der Israelit, June 2, 1932; M. W. [Moses Waldmann], “Kindermann,” Jüdische Rundschau, August 7, 1925.

12 Central-Verein Zeitung, July 3, 1925; Paul Meyer, “Zur Frage der Vertiefung der Tendenz,” K. C. Blätter, IX (1919), 8-10; Rudolf H. Heimansohn, “Sind wir Assimilanten?” ibid., XXI (1931), 11-14.

13 Jakob Wassermann, Mein Weg als Deutscher und Jude (Berlin, 1921), 126.

14 Leo Baeck, “Kulturzusammenhänge,” Der Morgen,

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